Table of Contents
There is an old Latin saying: “Longum iter est per praecepta, breve et efficax per exempla” (“It’s a long way by the rules, but short and efficient with examples”).
Aqui está um exemplo de criar um pacote Debian simples a partir duma fonte C simples usando o Makefile como seu sistema de compilação.
Vamos assumir que o tarball do autor seja debhello-0.0.tar.gz.
Este tipo de fonte destina-se a ser instalado como ficheiro não-sistema como:
Basics for the install from the upstream tarball.
$ tar -xzmf debhello-0.0.tar.gz $ cd debhello-0.0 $ make $ make install
Debian packaging requires changing this “make install” process to install files to the target system image location instead of the normal location under /usr/local.
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Exemplos de criar um pacote Debian a partir de outros sistemas de compilação complicados estão descritos em “Chapter 13, Mais Exemplos”. |
O grande panorama para compilar um pacote Debian não-nativo singular a partir do tarball de autor debhello-0.0.tar.gz pode ser resumido como:
O comando debmake debianiza a árvore fonte do autor ao adicionar ficheiros modelo apenas no directório debian.
O comando debuild compila o pacote binário a partir da árvore fonte debianizada.
O grande panorama de compilação de pacote.
$ tar -xzmf debhello-0.0.tar.gz $ cd debhello-0.0 $ debmake ... manual customization $ debuild ...
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O comando debuild neste e nos exemplos seguintes pode ser substituído por comandos equivalentes tais como o comando sbuild. |
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Se o tarball de autor estiver disponível em formato .tar.xzm use-o em vez dos que têm formatos em .tar.gz e .tar.bz2. O formato de compressão xz oferece melhor compressão que a compressão do gzip e bzip2. |
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Actual packaging activities are often performed manually without using debmake while referencing only existing similar packages and “Debian Policy Manual”. |
The debmake command is the helper script for the Debian packaging. (“Chapter 14, manual do debmake(1)”)
Estas funcionalidades tornam o empacotamento Debian com debmake simples e moderno.
Em retrospetiva, Eu criei o debmake para simplificar esta documentação. Eu considero o debmake sendo mais ou menos um gerador de sessão de demonstração para objectivos de tutorial.
O comando debmake não é o único script ajudante para criar um pacote Debian. Se você está interessado em ferramentas de ajuda de empacotamento alternativas, por favor veja:
Aqui está um sumário de comandos semelhantes ao comando debuild.
O comando dpkg-buildpackage é o comando oficial para compilar o pacote binário Debian. Para compilação binária normal, ele executa aproximadamente:
“debsign” (sign the *.dsc and *.changes files)
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Veja dpkg-buildpackage(1) para detalhes exactos. |
Vamos obter a fonte do autor.
Download debhello-0.0.tar.gz.
$ wget http://www.example.org/download/debhello-0.0.tar.gz ... $ tar -xzmf debhello-0.0.tar.gz $ tree . ├── debhello-0.0 │ ├── Makefile │ ├── README.md │ └── src │ └── hello.c └── debhello-0.0.tar.gz 3 directories, 4 files
Aqui, a fonte C hello.c é uma muito simples.
hello.c.
$ cat debhello-0.0/src/hello.c #include <stdio.h> int main() { printf("Hello, world!\n"); return 0; }
Aqui, o Makefile suporta “GNU Coding Standards” e “FHS”. Notavelmente:
Makefile.
$ cat debhello-0.0/Makefile prefix = /usr/local all: src/hello src/hello: src/hello.c @echo "CFLAGS=$(CFLAGS)" | \ fold -s -w 70 | \ sed -e 's/^/# /' $(CC) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) $(LDCFLAGS) -o $@ $^ install: src/hello install -D src/hello \ $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/bin/hello clean: -rm -f src/hello distclean: clean uninstall: -rm -f $(DESTDIR)$(prefix)/bin/hello .PHONY: all install clean distclean uninstall
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O echo da variável $(CFLAGS) é usado para verificar a definição apropriada da bandeira de compilação no exemplo seguinte: |
Os resultados do comando debmake é muito detalhado e explica o que faz como se segue.
The output from the debmake command.
$ cd /path/to/debhello-0.0 $ debmake -x1 I: set parameters I: sanity check of parameters I: pkg="debhello", ver="0.0", rev="1" I: *** start packaging in "debhello-0.0". *** I: provide debhello_0.0.orig.tar.gz for non-native Debian package I: pwd = "/path/to" I: $ ln -sf debhello-0.0.tar.gz debhello_0.0.orig.tar.gz I: pwd = "/path/to/debhello-0.0" I: parse binary package settings: I: binary package=debhello Type=bin / Arch=any M-A=foreign I: analyze the source tree I: build_type = make I: scan source for copyright+license text and file extensions I: 50 %, ext = md I: 50 %, ext = c I: check_all_licenses I: ... I: check_all_licenses completed for 3 files. I: bunch_all_licenses I: format_all_licenses I: make debian/* template files I: debmake -x "1" ... I: creating => debian/control I: creating => debian/copyright I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra0_changel... I: creating => debian/changelog I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra0_rules.t... I: creating => debian/rules I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra0source_f... I: creating => debian/source/format I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1_README.... I: creating => debian/README.Debian I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1_README.... I: creating => debian/README.source I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1_clean.t... I: creating => debian/clean I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1_gbp.con... I: creating => debian/gbp.conf I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1_salsa-c... I: creating => debian/salsa-ci.yml I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1_watch.t... I: creating => debian/watch I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1tests_co... I: creating => debian/tests/control I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1upstream... I: creating => debian/upstream/metadata I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1patches_... I: creating => debian/patches/series I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1source.n... I: creating => debian/source/local-options.ex I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1source.n... I: creating => debian/source/local-patch-header.ex I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1single_d... I: creating => debian/dirs I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1single_i... I: creating => debian/install I: substituting => /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/debmake/data/extra1single_l... I: creating => debian/links I: $ wrap-and-sort I: $ wrap-and-sort complete. Now, debian/* may have a blank line at the top....
O comando debmake gera todos estes ficheiros modelo baseado nas opções da linha de comandos. Como nenhuma opção é especificada, o comando debmake escolhe valores predefinidos razoáveis por si:
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Here, the debmake command is invoked with the -x1 option to keep this tutorial simple. Use of default -x3 option is highly recommended. |
Vamos inspecionar os ficheiros modelo gerados.
A árvore fonte após a execução básica do debmake.
$ cd /path/to $ tree . ├── debhello-0.0 │ ├── Makefile │ ├── README.md │ ├── debian │ │ ├── README.Debian │ │ ├── README.source │ │ ├── changelog │ │ ├── clean │ │ ├── control │ │ ├── copyright │ │ ├── dirs │ │ ├── gbp.conf │ │ ├── install │ │ ├── links │ │ ├── patches │ │ │ └── series │ │ ├── rules │ │ ├── salsa-ci.yml │ │ ├── source │ │ │ ├── format │ │ │ ├── local-options.ex │ │ │ └── local-patch-header.ex │ │ ├── tests │ │ │ └── control │ │ ├── upstream │ │ │ └── metadata │ │ └── watch │ └── src │ └── hello.c ├── debhello-0.0.tar.gz └── debhello_0.0.orig.tar.gz -> debhello-0.0.tar.gz 8 directories, 24 files
O ficheiro debian/rules é o script de compilação fornecido pelo maintainer do pacote. Aqui está o seu ficheiro modelo gerado pelo comando debmake.
debian/rules (ficheiro modelo):
$ cd /path/to/debhello-0.0 $ cat debian/rules #!/usr/bin/make -f # You must remove unused comment lines for the released package. #export DH_VERBOSE = 1 #export DEB_BUILD_MAINT_OPTIONS = hardening=+all #export DEB_CFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND = -Wall -pedantic #export DEB_LDFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND = -Wl,-O1 %: dh $@ #override_dh_auto_install: # dh_auto_install -- prefix=/usr #override_dh_install: # dh_install --list-missing -X.pyc -X.pyo
Isto é essencialmente o ficheiro debian/rules standard com o comando dh. (Existem alguns conteúdos comentados para você personalizar.)
O ficheiro debian/control fornece os meta-dados principais para o pacote Debian. Aqui está o seu ficheiro modelo gerado pelo comando debmake.
debian/control (ficheiro modelo):
$ cat debian/control Source: debhello Section: unknown Priority: optional Maintainer: "Osamu Aoki" <osamu@debian.org> Build-Depends: debhelper-compat (= 13) Standards-Version: 4.6.2 Homepage: <insert the upstream URL, if relevant> Rules-Requires-Root: no #Vcs-Git: https://salsa.debian.org/debian/debhello.git #Vcs-Browser: https://salsa.debian.org/debian/debhello Package: debhello Architecture: any Multi-Arch: foreign Depends: ${misc:Depends}, ${shlibs:Depends} Description: auto-generated package by debmake This Debian binary package was auto-generated by the debmake(1) command provided by the debmake package.
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If you leave “Section: unknown” in the template debian/control file unchanged, the lintian error may cause the build to fail. |
Since this is the ELF binary executable package, the debmake command sets “Architecture: any” and “Multi-Arch: foreign”. Also, it sets required substvar parameters as “Depends: ${shlibs:Depends}, ${misc:Depends}”. These are explained in “Chapter 6, Basics for packaging”.
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Please note this debian/control file uses the RFC-822 style as documented in “5.2 Source package control files — debian/control” of the “Debian Policy Manual”. The use of the empty line and the leading space are significant. |
O ficheiro debian/copyright fornece os dados de sumário de copyright do pacote Debian. Aqui está o seu ficheiro modelo gerado pelo comando debmake.
debian/copyright (ficheiro modelo):
$ cat debian/copyright Format: https://www.debian.org/doc/packaging-manuals/copyright-format/1.0/ Upstream-Name: debhello Upstream-Contact: <preferred name and address to reach the upstream project> Source: <url://example.com> # # Please double check copyright with the licensecheck(1) command. Files: Makefile README.md src/hello.c Copyright: __NO_COPYRIGHT_NOR_LICENSE__ License: __NO_COPYRIGHT_NOR_LICENSE__ #----------------------------------------------------------------------------... # Files marked as NO_LICENSE_TEXT_FOUND may be covered by the following # license/copyright files.
É requerida alguma modificação manual para fazer o pacote Debian apropriado como um maintainer.
In order to install files as a part of the system files, the $(prefix) value of /usr/local in the Makefile should be overridden to be /usr. This can be accommodated by the following the debian/rules file with the override_dh_auto_install target setting “prefix=/usr”.
debian/rules (versão do maintainer):
$ cd /path/to/debhello-0.0 $ vim debian/rules ... hack, hack, hack, ... $ cat debian/rules #!/usr/bin/make -f export DH_VERBOSE = 1 export DEB_BUILD_MAINT_OPTIONS = hardening=+all export DEB_CFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND = -Wall -pedantic export DEB_LDFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND = -Wl,--as-needed %: dh $@ override_dh_auto_install: dh_auto_install -- prefix=/usr
Exportar a variável de ambiente DH_VERBOSE no ficheiro debian/rules como em cima força a ferramenta debhelper a fazer um relatório de compilação afinado.
Exporting DEB_BUILD_MAINT_OPTION as above sets the hardening options as described in the “FEATURE AREAS/ENVIRONMENT” in dpkg-buildflags(1). [9]
Exportar DEB_CFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND como em cima força o compilador C a emitir todos os avisos.
Exportar DEB_LDFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND como em cima força o vinculador a vincular apenas quando a biblioteca é mesmo necessária. [10]
The dh_auto_install command for the Makefile based build system essentially runs “$(MAKE) install DESTDIR=debian/debhello”. The creation of this override_dh_auto_install target changes its behavior to “$(MAKE) install DESTDIR=debian/debhello prefix=/usr”.
Aqui estão as versões de maintainer dos ficheiros debian/control e debian/copyright.
debian/control (versão de maintainer):
$ vim debian/control ... hack, hack, hack, ... $ cat debian/control Source: debhello Section: devel Priority: optional Maintainer: Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org> Build-Depends: debhelper-compat (= 13) Standards-Version: 4.6.2 Homepage: https://salsa.debian.org/debian/debmake-doc Rules-Requires-Root: no Package: debhello Architecture: any Multi-Arch: foreign Depends: ${misc:Depends}, ${shlibs:Depends} Description: Simple packaging example for debmake This Debian binary package is an example package. (This is an example only)
debian/copyright (versão de maintainer):
$ vim debian/copyright ... hack, hack, hack, ... $ cat debian/copyright Format: https://www.debian.org/doc/packaging-manuals/copyright-format/1.0/ Upstream-Name: debhello Upstream-Contact: Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org> Source: https://salsa.debian.org/debian/debmake-doc Files: * Copyright: 2015-2021 Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org> License: Expat Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: . The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. . THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
Let’s remove unused template files and edit remaining template files:
Ficheiros modelo sob debian/. (v=0.0):
$ rm -f debian/clean debian/dirs debian/install debian/links $ rm -f debian/README.source debian/source/*.ex $ rm -rf debian/patches $ tree -F debian debian/ ├── README.Debian ├── changelog ├── control ├── copyright ├── gbp.conf ├── rules* ├── salsa-ci.yml ├── source/ │ └── format ├── tests/ │ └── control ├── upstream/ │ └── metadata └── watch 4 directories, 11 files
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Os ficheiros de configuração usados pelos comandos dh_* do pacote debhelper geralmente tratam # como o inicio de uma linha comentário. |
Você pode criar um pacote Debian não-nativo usando o comando debuild ou os seus equivalentes (veja “Section 5.4, “O que é debuild?””) nesta árvore fonte. O texto resultante do comando é muito detalhado e explica o que ele faz como se segue.
Building package with debuild.
$ cd /path/to/debhello-0.0 $ debuild dpkg-buildpackage -us -uc -ui -i dpkg-buildpackage: info: source package debhello dpkg-buildpackage: info: source version 0.0-1 dpkg-buildpackage: info: source distribution unstable dpkg-buildpackage: info: source changed by Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org> dpkg-source -i --before-build . dpkg-buildpackage: info: host architecture amd64 debian/rules clean dh clean dh_auto_clean make -j12 distclean ... debian/rules binary dh binary dh_update_autotools_config dh_autoreconf dh_auto_configure dh_auto_build make -j12 "INSTALL=install --strip-program=true" make[1]: Entering directory '/path/to/debhello-0.0' # CFLAGS=-g -O2 ... Finished running lintian.
Você pode verificar que CFLAGS é atualizado apropriadamente com -Wall e -pedantic pela variável DEB_CFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND.
O manual deve ser adicionado ao pacote como reportado pelo pacote lintian, como mostrado em exemplos posteriores (veja “Chapter 13, Mais Exemplos”). Vamos seguir por agora.
Vamos inspecionar o resultado.
Os ficheiros gerados de debhello versão 0.0 pelo comando debuild:
$ cd /path/to $ tree -FL 1 ./ ├── debhello-0.0/ ├── debhello-0.0.tar.gz ├── debhello-dbgsym_0.0-1_amd64.deb ├── debhello_0.0-1.debian.tar.xz ├── debhello_0.0-1.dsc ├── debhello_0.0-1_amd64.build ├── debhello_0.0-1_amd64.buildinfo ├── debhello_0.0-1_amd64.changes ├── debhello_0.0-1_amd64.deb └── debhello_0.0.orig.tar.gz -> debhello-0.0.tar.gz 2 directories, 9 files
Você vê todos os ficheiros gerados.
O debhello_0.0-1.debian.tar.xz contém as alterações Debian feitas à fonte do autor como se segue.
O conteúdo do arquivo comprimido de debhello_0.0-1.debian.tar.xz:
$ tar -tzf debhello-0.0.tar.gz debhello-0.0/ debhello-0.0/src/ debhello-0.0/src/hello.c debhello-0.0/Makefile debhello-0.0/README.md $ tar --xz -tf debhello_0.0-1.debian.tar.xz debian/ debian/README.Debian debian/changelog debian/control debian/copyright debian/gbp.conf debian/rules debian/salsa-ci.yml debian/source/ debian/source/format debian/tests/ debian/tests/control debian/upstream/ debian/upstream/metadata debian/watch
O debhello_0.0-1_amd64.deb contém os ficheiros binário a serem instalados no sistema alvo.
The debhello-debsym_0.0-1_amd64.deb contains the debug symbol files to be installed to the target system.
O conteúdo de pacote binário de todos os pacotes binário:
$ dpkg -c debhello-dbgsym_0.0-1_amd64.deb drwxr-xr-x root/root ... ./ drwxr-xr-x root/root ... ./usr/ drwxr-xr-x root/root ... ./usr/lib/ drwxr-xr-x root/root ... ./usr/lib/debug/ drwxr-xr-x root/root ... ./usr/lib/debug/.build-id/ drwxr-xr-x root/root ... ./usr/lib/debug/.build-id/be/ -rw-r--r-- root/root ... ./usr/lib/debug/.build-id/be/f1e0185834f3c3e2614cf8... drwxr-xr-x root/root ... ./usr/share/ drwxr-xr-x root/root ... ./usr/share/doc/ lrwxrwxrwx root/root ... ./usr/share/doc/debhello-dbgsym -> debhello $ dpkg -c debhello_0.0-1_amd64.deb drwxr-xr-x root/root ... ./ drwxr-xr-x root/root ... ./usr/ drwxr-xr-x root/root ... ./usr/bin/ -rwxr-xr-x root/root ... ./usr/bin/hello drwxr-xr-x root/root ... ./usr/share/ drwxr-xr-x root/root ... ./usr/share/doc/ drwxr-xr-x root/root ... ./usr/share/doc/debhello/ -rw-r--r-- root/root ... ./usr/share/doc/debhello/README.Debian -rw-r--r-- root/root ... ./usr/share/doc/debhello/changelog.Debian.gz -rw-r--r-- root/root ... ./usr/share/doc/debhello/copyright
A lista de dependências gerada de todos os pacotes binário.
A lista de dependências gerada de todos os pacotes binários (v=0.0):
$ dpkg -f debhello-dbgsym_0.0-1_amd64.deb pre-depends \ depends recommends conflicts breaks Depends: debhello (= 0.0-1) $ dpkg -f debhello_0.0-1_amd64.deb pre-depends \ depends recommends conflicts breaks Depends: libc6 (>= 2.34)
![]() | Caution |
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Muitos mais detalhes precisam ser observados antes de se enviar o pacote para o arquivo Debian. |
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Se forem saltados ajustes manuais nos ficheiros de configuração auto-gerados pelo comando debmake, o pacote binário gerado pode ficar com falta duma descrição de pacote significativa e alguns dos requerimentos de política podem ficar a faltar. Este pacote desleixado vai funcionar bem sob o comando dpkg, e pode ser suficiente bom para a sua implantação local. |
The above example did not touch the upstream source to make the proper Debian package. An alternative approach as the maintainer is to modify files in the upstream source. For example, Makefile may be modified to set the $(prefix) value to /usr.
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The above “Section 5.7, “Passo 3: Modificação dos ficheiros modelo”” using the debian/rules file is the better approach for packaging for this example. But let’s continue on with this alternative approaches as a leaning experience. |
In the following, let’s consider 3 simple variants of this alternative approach to generate debian/patches/* files representing modifications to the upstream source in the Debian source format “3.0 (quilt)”. These substitute “Section 5.7, “Passo 3: Modificação dos ficheiros modelo”” in the above step-by-step example:
Please note the debian/rules file used for these examples doesn’t have the override_dh_auto_install target as follows:
debian/rules (versão alternativa de maintainer):
$ cd /path/to/debhello-0.0 $ vim debian/rules ... hack, hack, hack, ... $ cat debian/rules #!/usr/bin/make -f export DH_VERBOSE = 1 export DEB_BUILD_MAINT_OPTIONS = hardening=+all export DEB_CFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND = -Wall -pedantic export DEB_LDFLAGS_MAINT_APPEND = -Wl,--as-needed %: dh $@
Here, the patch file 000-prefix-usr.patch is created using the diff command.
Patch by “diff -u”.
$ cp -a debhello-0.0 debhello-0.0.orig $ vim debhello-0.0/Makefile ... hack, hack, hack, ... $ diff -Nru debhello-0.0.orig debhello-0.0 >000-prefix-usr.patch $ cat 000-prefix-usr.patch diff -Nru debhello-0.0.orig/Makefile debhello-0.0/Makefile --- debhello-0.0.orig/Makefile 2024-07-24 10:12:40.382927188 +0900 +++ debhello-0.0/Makefile 2024-07-24 10:12:40.478928659 +0900 @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -prefix = /usr/local +prefix = /usr all: src/hello $ rm -rf debhello-0.0 $ mv -f debhello-0.0.orig debhello-0.0
Please note that the upstream source tree is restored to the original state after generating a patch file 000-prefix-usr.patch.
This 000-prefix-usr.patch is edited to be DEP-3 conforming and moved to the right location as below.
000-prefix-usr.patch (DEP-3):
$ echo '000-prefix-usr.patch' >debian/patches/series $ vim ../000-prefix-usr.patch ... hack, hack, hack, ... $ mv -f ../000-prefix-usr.patch debian/patches/000-prefix-usr.patch $ cat debian/patches/000-prefix-usr.patch From: Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org> Description: set prefix=/usr patch diff -Nru debhello-0.0.orig/Makefile debhello-0.0/Makefile --- debhello-0.0.orig/Makefile +++ debhello-0.0/Makefile @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -prefix = /usr/local +prefix = /usr all: src/hello
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When generating the Debian source package by dpkg-source via dpkg-buildpackage in the following step of “Section 5.8, “Step 4: Building package with debuild””, the dpkg-source command assumes that no patch was applied to the upstream source, since the .pc/applied-patches is missing. |
Here, the patch file 000-prefix-usr.patch is created using the dquilt command.
dquilt is a simple wrapper of the quilt program. The syntax and function of the dquilt command is the same as the quilt(1) command, except for the fact that the generated patch is stored in the debian/patches/ directory.
Patch by dquilt.
$ dquilt new 000-prefix-usr.patch Patch debian/patches/000-prefix-usr.patch is now on top $ dquilt add Makefile File Makefile added to patch debian/patches/000-prefix-usr.patch ... hack, hack, hack, ... $ head -1 Makefile prefix = /usr $ dquilt refresh Refreshed patch debian/patches/000-prefix-usr.patch $ dquilt header -e --dep3 ... edit the DEP-3 patch header with editor $ tree -a . ├── debian │ ├── changelog │ ├── clean │ ├── control │ ├── copyright │ ├── dirs │ ├── gbp.conf │ ├── install │ ├── links │ ├── patches │ │ ├── 000-prefix-usr.patch │ │ └── series │ ├── README.Debian │ ├── README.source │ ├── rules │ ├── salsa-ci.yml │ ├── source │ │ ├── format │ │ ├── local-options.ex │ │ └── local-patch-header.ex │ ├── tests │ │ └── control │ ├── upstream │ │ └── metadata │ └── watch ├── Makefile ├── .pc │ ├── 000-prefix-usr.patch │ │ ├── Makefile │ │ └── .timestamp │ ├── applied-patches │ ├── .quilt_patches │ ├── .quilt_series │ └── .version ├── README.md └── src └── hello.c 9 directories, 29 files $ cat debian/patches/series 000-prefix-usr.patch $ cat debian/patches/000-prefix-usr.patch Description: set prefix=/usr patch Author: Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org> Index: debhello-0.0/Makefile =================================================================== --- debhello-0.0.orig/Makefile +++ debhello-0.0/Makefile @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -prefix = /usr/local +prefix = /usr all: src/hello
Here, Makefile in the upstream source tree doesn’t need to be restored to the original state for the packaging.
![]() | Note |
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When generating the Debian source package by dpkg-source via dpkg-buildpackage in the following step of “Section 5.8, “Step 4: Building package with debuild””, the dpkg-source command assumes that patches were applied to the upstream source, since the .pc/applied-patches exists. |
The upstream source tree can be restored to the original state for the packaging.
The upstream source tree (restored):
$ dquilt pop -a Removing patch debian/patches/000-prefix-usr.patch Restoring Makefile No patches applied $ head -1 Makefile prefix = /usr/local $ tree -a .pc .pc ├── .quilt_patches ├── .quilt_series └── .version 1 directory, 3 files
Here, Makefile is restored and the .pc/applied-patches is missing.
Here, the patch file isn’t created in this step but the source files are setup to create debian/patches/* files in the following step of “Section 5.8, “Step 4: Building package with debuild””.
Vamos editar a fonte do autor.
Modified Makefile.
$ vim Makefile ... hack, hack, hack, ... $ head -n1 Makefile prefix = /usr
Let’s edit debian/source/local-options:
debian/source/local-options for auto-commit.
$ mv debian/source/local-options.ex debian/source/local-options $ vim debian/source/local-options ... hack, hack, hack, ... $ cat debian/source/local-options # == Patch applied strategy (merge) == # # The source outside of debian/ directory is modified by maintainer and # different from the upstream one: # * Workflow using dpkg-source commit (commit all to VCS after dpkg-source ... # https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debmake-doc/ch04.en.html#dpkg-sour... # * Workflow described in dgit-maint-merge(7) # single-debian-patch auto-commit
Let’s edit debian/source/local-patch-header:
debian/source/local-patch-header for auto-commit.
$ mv debian/source/local-patch-header.ex debian/source/local-patch-header $ vim debian/source/local-patch-header ... hack, hack, hack, ... $ cat debian/source/local-patch-header Description: debian-changes Author: Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org>
Let’s remove debian/patches/* files and other unused template files.
Remove unused template files.
$ rm -f debian/clean debian/dirs debian/install debian/links $ rm -f debian/README.source debian/source/*.ex $ rm -rf debian/patches $ tree debian debian ├── README.Debian ├── changelog ├── control ├── copyright ├── gbp.conf ├── rules ├── salsa-ci.yml ├── source │ ├── format │ ├── local-options │ └── local-patch-header ├── tests │ └── control ├── upstream │ └── metadata └── watch 4 directories, 13 files
There are no debian/patches/* files at the end of this step.
![]() | Note |
---|---|
When generating the Debian source package by dpkg-source via dpkg-buildpackage in the following step of “Section 5.8, “Step 4: Building package with debuild””, the dpkg-source command uses options specified in debian/source/local-options to auto-commit modification applied to the upstream source as patches/debian-changes. |
Let’s inspect the Debian source package generated after the following “Section 5.8, “Step 4: Building package with debuild”” step and extracting files from debhello-0.0.debian.tar.xz.
Inspect debhello-0.0.debian.tar.xz after debuild.
$ tar --xz -xvf debhello_0.0-1.debian.tar.xz debian/ debian/README.Debian debian/changelog debian/control debian/copyright debian/gbp.conf debian/patches/ debian/patches/debian-changes debian/patches/series debian/rules debian/salsa-ci.yml debian/source/ debian/source/format debian/tests/ debian/tests/control debian/upstream/ debian/upstream/metadata debian/watch
Let’s check generated debian/patches/* files.
Inspect debian/patches/* after debuild.
$ cat debian/patches/series debian-changes $ cat debian/patches/debian-changes Description: debian-changes Author: Osamu Aoki <osamu@debian.org> --- debhello-0.0.orig/Makefile +++ debhello-0.0/Makefile @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ -prefix = /usr/local +prefix = /usr all: src/hello
The Debian source package debhello-0.0.debian.tar.xz is confirmed to be generated properly with debian/patches/* files for the Debian modification.
[9] This is a cliché to force a read-only relocation link for the hardening and to prevent the lintian warning “W: debhello: hardening-no-relro usr/bin/hello”. This is not really needed for this example but should be harmless. The lintian tool seems to produce a false positive warning for this case which has no linked library.
[10] Isto é um cliché para prevenir a sobre-vinculação para casos de dependências complexas de biblioteca como os programas de Gnome. Isto não é realmente preciso para este exemplo simples mas deve ser inofensivo.